DEVELOPING NEW VARIETIES OF GRAIN, OIL AND FODDER CROPS ADAPTED TO CLIMATE CHANGES FOR THE RAINFED AREAS OF UZBEKISTAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/w9k50x39Keywords:
rainfed lands, rainfall, bread wheat, barley, oil crops, safflower, flax, fodder, alfalfa, selection, evaluation, selection, vegetation period, spike, heat and drought tolerant, unfavourable factor, valuable traits, yield, variety, samples, green mass, dry mass, hayAbstract
Uzbekistan’s rainfed agricultural regions are increasingly affected by climate variability, including reduced rainfall, higher temperatures, and frequent droughts. To ensure food security and sustainable agricultural productivity, it is crucial to develop crop varieties that are resilient to these changing conditions. This research focuses on breeding and selecting new varieties of grain, oilseed, and fodder crops with enhanced drought tolerance, heat resistance, and stable yields under rainfed conditions. Utilizing advanced breeding techniques, field trials across diverse agro-climatic zones, and collaboration with local farmers, the project aims to introduce high-performing crop varieties that can maintain productivity despite climate stress. The outcomes will support the resilience of Uzbekistan’s rainfed agriculture, improve farmer livelihoods, and contribute to national food security.
Climatic conditions of Central Asia are characterized by a large amount of sunlight and heat, suddenly changes in annual and daily air temperature, low annual atmospheric precipitation, dry relative air humidity.
The rainfed lands of Uzbekistan receive less rainfall than other dryland regions of the Central Asian republic, and therefore more droughts are observed.
Scientific researches are being carried out at the Scientific Research Institute of Rainfed Agriculture on the creation of new varieties of grain, oilseed and forage crops for cultivation in the rainfed conditions of Uzbekistan. The yield and productivity of agricultural crops in rainfed lands are strongly influenced by weather conditions during the crop's vegetation.
The article presents the results of research on the effects of intense heat and drought during the growing season on the productivity indicators and productivity of varieties and samples of agricultural crops such as wheat, barley, safflower, flax and alfalfa under conditions of global climate change.
Creation of high-yielding and high-quality new varieties of grain, oilseed and fodder crops that quickly and effectively use the natural soil fertility, organic and mineral fertilizers for planting in dry areas in Uzbekistan, and are resistant to unfavourable conditions of the external environment will ensure their productivity.
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